The negative aspect of Paul’s thesis does not stand alone; a positive statement takes its place beside it: ‘by, or from, faith’.4 In a similar way Schrenk, in his article on dikaioō in Kittel’s Wörterbuch, wrote: ‘The Rabbinic saying that the soul of the dead achieves expiation by death, and the Pauline statement that he who dies is thereby pronounced free from sin, are fully identical in substance. Paul is thus using here a Rabbinic theologoumenon.’5 Thus Schrenk finds detailed agreements between